GVTr

Global Value Trees in R

This package presents a set of functions to implement the Global Value Tree (GVT) analysis approach of world input-output data (WIOD) developed by: Zhu Z, Puliga M, Cerina F, Chessa A, Riccaboni M (2015) Global Value Trees. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0126699. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126699

The packagae allows you to: -Load WIOD data for 2000 - 2014 -Create a value added contribution matrix/edgelist/network from the WIOD -Create a GVT for a root country-industry node -Plot GVT

Packages

This package uses a number of other packages.

library(igraph)
library(dplyr)
library(plyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(GGally)
library(intergraph)
library(sna)
library(decompr)

#Install this package:
#library(devtools)
#devtools::install_github("MatthewSmith430/GVTr")
library(GVTr)

Load Data

You can load the WIOD using the following:

data("wiot2000")

This load in the world-input output table, in the above example, this is loaded for the year 2000 (years 2000-2014 are currently available).

Value Added Contribution matrix/edgelist/network

The following functions creates a value added contribution objects from the wiot data.

EL<-VACel(wiot2000) #Value added contribution edgelist
NET<-VACnet(wiot2000) #Value added contribution network
MAT<-VACmat(wiot2000) #Value added contribution matrix

GVT - Tree Prune

This command creates a Global Value Tree (as an igraph object) for specific root country-industry node. In creating this GVT - we examine the ties incoming, directed towards the root node. The edge threshold is employed as the complete and unfiltered Global Value Network is almost completely connected, therefore an edge threshold aids in helping retain only the more important value added ties. This produces a tree that shows the upstream value system of the country-industry. We only have a function for the upstream value system in the first instance, as upstream ties are noted to be more important for many manufacturing sectors, such as the automotive sector. For the GVTprune function, you need to specify the wiot data (that can be loaded using the package)edge threshold,root country-sector node, (see http://www.wiod.org/release16 for data description and coverage details) and the maximum number of layers to be included in the GVT.

#Example Root Node - USA Automotive Sector
USAauto<-GVTprune(wiot2000,0.019,"USA.C29",5)

Plots

There are two plot options that come with this package. 1.) Tree Plot - uses a tree layout to plot the GVT 2.) Standard network layout

Tree Plot

In the tree plot, the nodes are coloured by country or industry. The root node is at the top of the tree. You need to specify the GVT (calculated using GVTprune) and what you want the colour to be country/industry.

library(GVTr)
library(igraph)
library(plyr)
##Load Data
data("wiot2000")

##Create Tree
USAauto<-GVTprune(wiot2000,0.019,"USA.C29",5)

## Warning in igraph::distances(G1, mode = "in", algorithm = "unweighted"):
## Unweighted algorithm chosen, weights ignored

## Warning in igraph::distances(Hgraph, mode = "in", algorithm =
## "unweighted"): Unweighted algorithm chosen, weights ignored

## Warning in (function (..., deparse.level = 1) : number of columns of result
## is not a multiple of vector length (arg 1)

##Create Plot
gvtBasePlot(USAauto,"country")

The pryr package can be used to plot a panel of tree plots, showing visualisation of the same tree over time, or showing tree in the same sector for different countries. Below is the example of a panel of plots for the USA auto sector over time.

library(GVTr)
library(igraph)
library(pryr)
##Load Data
data("wiot2000")
data("wiot2004")
data("wiot2008")

##Create Trees
USAauto2000<-GVTprune(wiot2000,0.019,"USA.C29",5)
USAauto2004<-GVTprune(wiot2004,0.019,"USA.C29",5)
USAauto2008<-GVTprune(wiot2008,0.019,"USA.C29",5)

##Create & save plots using gvtBasePlot & pryr
p1 %<a-% {
  gvtBasePlot(USAauto2000,"country")
}

p2 %<a-% {
  gvtBasePlot(USAauto2004,"country")
}
p3 %<a-% {
  gvtBasePlot(USAauto2008,"country")
}

##Plot GVTs
split.screen(c(1, 3))

## [1] 1 2 3

screen(1)
p1
screen(2)
p2
screen(3)
p3

close.screen(all=TRUE)

Standard Plot

In this plot, the network takes a more typical layout (and not a tree layout). Node are coloured on the basis of country, and ties colour indicates whether links are intra or inter country. You need to specify the GVT (calculated using GVTprune) and whether labels are present (TRUE/FALSE).

library(GVTr)
library(ggplot2)
library(GGally)
##Load Data
data("wiot2000")

##Create Tree
USAauto<-GVTprune(wiot2000,0.019,"USA.C29",5)

##Create Plot
GVTplot(USAauto,FALSE)

Additional Plots

There are additional plot functions, that use other packages, that with specialised functions to plots tree strucutres. The example we present here is the networkD3 package, and draw on data.tree for processing the data into the correct form.

library(GVTr)
library(networkD3)
library(data.tree)
library(igraph)
##Load Data
data("wiot2008")

##Create Tree
USAauto<-GVTprune(wiot2008,0.019,"USA.C29",5)

##Use data.tree to process the data into a hierarchical 
##list that can be ploted with networkD3
GVTdf<-get.data.frame(USAauto) ##Get data frame from igraph objecy
tree1 <- FromDataFrameNetwork(GVTdf)
tree2 <- ToListExplicit(tree1, unname = TRUE) ##identify root node of tree

###The following commands with produce html visualisations

##Diagonal Plot
diagonalNetwork(tree2,nodeColour = "red")

##Radial Plot
radialNetwork(List = tree2,
              nodeColour = "blue",
              fontSize = 6, opacity = 0.9)

Coverage

Below is the coverage of the 2016 WIOD release. It lists the sectors covered - including the sector code and corresponding description. The country coverage lists the countries codes covered and the full country name.

Sector Coverage

Sector Code	Description
A01	Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities
A02	Forestry and logging
A03	Fishing and aquaculture
B	Mining and quarrying
C10-C12	Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco products
C13-C15	Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel and leather products
C16	Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials
C17	Manufacture of paper and paper products
C18	Printing and reproduction of recorded media
C19	Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
C20	Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
C21	Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
C22	Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
C23	Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
C24	Manufacture of basic metals
C25	Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
C26	Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products
C27	Manufacture of electrical equipment
C28	Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
C29	Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
C30	Manufacture of other transport equipment
C31_C32	Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing
C33	Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
D35	Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
E36	Water collection, treatment and supply
E37-E39	Sewerage; waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery; remediation activities and other waste management services
F	Construction
G45	Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
G46	Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
G47	Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
H49	Land transport and transport via pipelines
H50	Water transport
H51	Air transport
H52	Warehousing and support activities for transportation
H53	Postal and courier activities
I	Accommodation and food service activities
J58	Publishing activities
J59_J60	Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities; programming and broadcasting activities
J61	Telecommunications
J62_J63	Computer programming, consultancy and related activities; information service activities
K64	Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding
K65	Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security
K66	Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities
L68	Real estate activities
M69_M70	Legal and accounting activities; activities of head offices; management consultancy activities
M71	Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis
M72	Scientific research and development
M73	Advertising and market research
M74_M75	Other professional, scientific and technical activities; veterinary activities
N	Administrative and support service activities
O84	Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
P85	Education
Q	Human health and social work activities
R_S	Other service activities
T	Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use
U	Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

Country Coverage

Country Code	Country Name	Country Code	Country Name
AUS	Australia	IRL	Ireland
AUT	Austria	ITA	Italy
BEL	Belgium	JPN	Japan
BGR	Bulgaria	KOR	Korea
BRA	Brazil	LTU	Lithuania
CAN	Canada	LUX	Luxembourg
CHE	Switzerland	LVA	Latvia
CHN	China	MEX	Mexico
CYP	Cyprus	MLT	Malta
CZE	Czech Republic	NLD	Netherlands
DEU	Germany	NOR	Norway
DNK	Denmark	POL	Poland
ESP	Spain	PRT	Portugal
EST	Estonia	ROU	Romania
FIN	Finland	ROW	Rest of the world
FRA	France	RUS	Russia
GBR	Great Britain	SVK	Slovakia
GRC	Greece	SVN	Slovenia
HRV	Croatia	SWE	Sweden
HUN	Hungary	TUR	Turkey
IDN	Indonesia	TWN	Taiwan
IND	India	USA	United States of America